![]() The generic name is sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Of note, Kayexalate is a brand name and was used for purposes of the mnemonic above. If characteristic EKG changes or arrhythmias are present from the hyperkalemia, then consider giving calcium gluconate or calcium chloride which helps stabilize the cardiac cell membrane. Study Tips and Notes: Albuterol is another treatment option for hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood). This will help you remember “B” for Bicarb, “I” for Insulin, “G” for Glucose, and “K” for Kayexalate. The symbol for Potassium on the periodic table is a capital K or a “Big K”. ![]() Study Tips and Notes: Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that has been oxidized and makes it more difficult to release oxygen to tissues.Īntidote: Bicarbonate, Insulin, Glucose, Kayexalate Memory Trick: Both Methemoglobin and Methylene Blue start with “M-E-T-H” Vitamin K can be used to reverse the effects of Warfarin. In severe bleeding, the use of prothrombin complex concentrate or fresh frozen plasma may also need to be considered.īonus Trick: Think of the phrase “ War Kills” to help you remember “War” for Warfarin and the K in “Kills” for Vitamin K Study Tips and Notes: Warfarin is a blood thinner. Memory Trick: Warfar in and Vitam in K both end in “I-N” Study Tips and Notes: Heparin is a blood thinner. The symbol for a proton is H+ which will help you remember Heparin Memory Trick: Think of “Protamine” and “Proton”. Medical exams like to test on Kayser-Fleischer rings, which are greenish-gold-brown rings around the corneas seen in Wilson’s Disease. Study Tips and Notes: Penicillamine can also be used to treat Wilson’s Disease, which is too much copper in the body. Memory Trick: Think of a “Copper Penny” which will help you remember Penicillamine Study Tips and Notes: Iron toxicity is often caused by iron supplements or multivitamins, which can look like candy to children. Memory Trick: Use the symbol for Iron on the periodic table, which is “Fe”, to remember De feroxamine The ocular symptoms with digoxin toxicity are often described as “yellow-green halos” or discoloration. Digoxin toxicity can also cause ocular symptoms that are commonly tested on nursing and board exams. You may know Digoxin Immune Fab by the brand names DigiFab or Digibind. Study Tips and Notes: Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure, arrhythmias, among other indications. Memory Trick: Use the “D-I-G” to remember Digoxin and Digoxin Immune Fab, DigiFab, or Digibind Study Tips and Notes: Benzodiazepines are a class of medications used to treat anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, among other indications.Ĭaution: It can be easy to confuse fomepizole and flumazenil since they both start with “F” and contain several similar letters, so hopefully the tricks above will help you remember them. Memory Trick: Benzodi azepines and Flum azenil both contain “A-Z-E” When an exam asks a question about methanol toxicity, there is usually ocular symptoms described such as blurry vision, decreased visual acuity, photophobia, or “halo vision”. Methanol toxicity can cause ocular symptoms. So when you see antifreeze, car wash fluids, de-icing products, or vehicle brake fluids in a question stem, then think potentially ethylene glycol involvement. Study Tips and Notes: Board exams often use antifreeze or car wash fluids as the source of ethylene glycol. Memory Trick: Ethylene Glyc ol, Methan ol, and Fomepiz ole all rhyme and contain “O-L” This may include atropine, high-dose insulin with glucagon, calcium, fluids, vasopressors, and ECMO to name a few. Glucagon is commonly tested as the antidote for beta blockers, but there are other treatment options as well. Study Tips and Notes: Beta blockers are a class of medications commonly used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, among other indications. The “BB” stands for Beta Blockers and the “Gun” will help you remember Glucagon See below!īonus Trick: Use the “N-A-R” to remember Narcotics and Narcanīonus Trick: You can also use the long “O” in Nalox one to remember Opioids One common brand name for naloxone is Narcan, which you can use as a trick as well. You may also hear opioids informally referred to as narcotics. Study Tips and Notes: Opioids are medications prescribed to treat severe pain. Memory Trick: Use the “N-A” to remember Narcotics and Naloxone This will also help you remember Tylenol! Other over the counter and prescription medications may contain acetaminophen as well.īonus Trick: Look at the next 3 letters in Ace tylcysteine after the “A-C-E”. Study Tips and Notes: Acetaminophen is available under the brand name Tylenol. Memory Trick: Both Acetaminophen and Acetylcysteine start with “A-C-E” **A quick reminder to follow protocols and involve poison control centers and/or toxicology clinics to assist with care if necessary. **Scroll to the bottom to view the charts! Let’s walk through common antidotes and their memory tricks below!
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